How Much Earlier Would A Star Rise and Set On Mars Each Night?

excellent question...i'm glad you asked that.....because....

on earth there are 86,164 seconds in a day and 365.25 days in a year. now because of the fact that the earth revolves around the sun in said 365.25 days, a star at any location in the sky at a particular time (say oh, i don't know, just off the top of my head... 10:20...wow, that's ironic...that was what time my camping trip was ruined today due to high winds) will be in that position 3 minutes 55.904 seconds earlier for each subsequent night (86,164/365.25), until a year later when it will be in the very same position at that very same time once again. and for those keeping score, the star will have "moved" approximately 59.14 arcminutes each night or the width of nearly two, count 'em, TWO full moons! (let's discount the minor shifts due to precession [about 49.85" {in this case the symbol, " , means arcseconds not inches}/year or the size of a dime at 74.5 meters...that is of course a very rough estimate using only "stone knives and bearskins" (in THIS case,", means quotes not inches OR arcseconds)] )

on mars there are 88,775.244 seconds in a day (martian sol) and 668.5991 of those sols in a martian year which means that a star would be in a particular position in the sky 132.778 of your Earth seconds earlier each night.

OKAY?!

ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY

g = GM/r^2

where:
g = acceleration due to gravity
G = Newton's gravitational constant 6.67 x 10^-11
M = mass
r = radius


39940.65265km = polar circumference of the earth
40075.01669km = equatorial circumference
5.9742x1024kg = mass of the earth

-21.3847km difference in radius to the center of the earth between equatorial radius of 6378.137km and polar radius of 6356.7523km

1° latitude = 110.946km = -.237608km difference in radius to the center of the earth travelling from the equator to the pole

9.79530367199 m/s^2 = acceleration due to gravity at the equator
9.86131913338 m/s^2 = acceleration due to gravity at the pole

.06601546139 m/s^2 difference between the pole and the equator = 7.335051266x10^-4 m/s^2 per degree latitude

.237608km = -7.335051266x10^-4m/s^2 difference in acceleration due to gravity

1000m in elevation = -3.087x10^-3m/s^2 = -.0315% weight difference
31.7460317km in elevation = 1% weight difference
w = mg

84kg mass at the equator = 822.80550844716 newtons
84kg mass at the pole = 828.35080720392 newtons

828.35080720392/g at the equator = 84.56611810541586kg at the pole (which we mistakenly refer to as weight. mass of course remains the same wherever in the universe you are)

At The End Of A Modified Stem

the sepal and petals and stamens all grow
with carpals, arranged all around in a whorl
and this is complete in the way it has four
at the end of a modified stem.

the sepal is usually shaded a green,
retaining a look that is more like a leaf,
enclosing a bud and protecting you see
at the end of a modified stem.

the petals are coloured and brighter than that
of sepals to make all the insects attract,
who pollinate flowers wherever they're at
at the end of a modified stem.

the stamens and carpels are sexual parts.
the stamen consists of an anther atop
a filament like a gigantical stalk
at the end of a modified stem.

the carpal embodies a stylish neck,
an ovary, ovule, egg in a sac.
her gametophyte is a gametofact
at the end of a modified stem.

the stigma resides at the carpally tip
to serve as a platform for pollen to sit,
arriving by wind or a bug who alit
at the end of a modified stem.

Andreas Cantor

Q: What did Andreas Cantor, the Spanish soccer announcer, say when he was asked which organelle carries out the processing, packaging and sorting of a variety of cellular products?

A: GOOOOOOLGI APPARATUS!